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2024年全國醫(yī)學(xué)英語水平考試（METS二級）考前沖刺試題及答案一
1). How Brain Cells Die During a Stroke■Medical Research Council (MRC) scientists， in collaboration with colleagues from British and Italian universities， have ( )…………a mechanism that causes the death of brain cells in stroke.The discovery may help explain why some therapy approaches for stroke have been unsuccessful and identifies potential research avenues for the development of new treatments for stroke and other( )…………brain diseases.■Stroke is a ( )…………of an abrupt interruption of blood flow to the brain.When the blood supply stops， the nerve cells that are directly deprived of oxygen quickly die and release the chemicals that they use to communicate with each other.Glutamate (谷氨酸)triggers a flood of calcium ions into the cells and， for reasons not previously understood，the level of calcium continues to rise and this kills the neurons.■The new research， carried out at the MRC’s Toxicology Unit in Leicester， studied The( )…………of calcium overload in neurons after reduction in blood supply to areas of the rat brain.The( )…………flood of calcium activates enzymes called calpains (鈣蛋白酶)， which break down the proteins in the cell( )…………that normally pump calcum out of the cell.■For many years research has concentrated on trying to block the( )…………calcium， in the hope of preventing brain damage in stroke.But the new findings suggest that the main defect is in the( )…………of calcium from neurons.This opens up new opportunities for the development of drugs to reduce nerve cell death， not only in stroke but also in degenerative brain disorders.■Professor Colin said， “This research is an important step forward for the development of new and more effective( )…………for stroke - one of the most common conditions afcting the elderly in the UK.And， as the UK’s elderly population continues to grow， so does the importance of( )…………the diseases that are common in later life”.( )
A.cripple
B.treatments
C.removal
D.targeting
E.initial
F.degenerative
G.confusion
H.unveiled
I.mechanism
J.consequence
A.membrane
A.inflow

正確答案：L
2). Protein in Mother’s Milk May Prevent HTV Transmission to Infants■Thousands of infants become infected with the AIDS virus every year.These boys and girls are born to mothers who have HIV，the human Immunodeficiency virus.Infection takes place during pregnancy or from breastfeeding.Recently，scientists identified a protein in breast milk that suppresses the virus，and may even protect babies from becoming infected.Now，experts say the discovery could lead to new ways to protect babies whose mothers are infected with HIV.To prevent infection，doctors give anti-retroviral drugs (抗逆轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥) to both mothers and their babies，that has greatly reduced the number of infections.But experts say that even without anti-AIDS drugs，only a small percentage of babies become infected through breast milk.■Sallie Permar is a professor of pediatrics (兒科) and immunology (免疫學(xué)) at Duke University in North Carolina.According to Permar，breastfeed babies appear to resist infection.“It is actually remarkable that despite the infant being exposed to the virus multiple times daily for up to two years of their life，actually only 10 percent of those babies will become infected，” said Permar.She led an effort to identify a substance in breast milk that may protect babies from infection.Her team directed its attention to a protein called Tenascin-C，also called TNC.It is known to be involved in the process of healing wounds.But what purpose it serves in breast milk is not known.The researchers exposed the TNC protein from breast milk of uninfected women to HIV，the protein linked up to the virus and made it harmless.Anti- retroviral drugs remain effective in limiting the passing of HIV from mother to baby.But professor Permar and her team suggest that TNCs could be used in places where costly drug treatments are often not available.TNCs could be given to babies before breastfeeding to provide additional protection against HIV.She adds that the protein is safe，because it is already in natural part of human milk.This may avoid the problem of HIV becoming resistant to anti-retroviral drugs.Only moms who don’t have AIDS can breastfeed.( )
A.Not Mentioned
B.Wrong
C.Right

正確答案：B