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2023年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平考試（METS二級(jí)）經(jīng)典試題及答案二,更多相關(guān)資訊請(qǐng)繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國(guó)醫(yī)護(hù)英語(yǔ)水平考試
1). (共用選項(xiàng))1.AIDS， acquired immune deficiency syndrome， is associated with the immune system deficits.AIDS is determined to be the end stage of chronic infection with HIV.HIV infected individuals and AIDS clients can transmit HIV to others within a few days after initial infection.Transmission of HIV has occurred through sexual intercourse with an HIV infected partner， exposure to HIV infected blood or body fluid， and prenatal transmission during pregnancy， at the time of delivery or through breastfeeding;2.Hepatitis is the widespread inflammation of liver cells.Vital hepatitis， the most prevalent type， results from an infection caused by one of five major categories of viruses： Hepatitis A virus (HAV)， Hepatitis B virus (HBV)， Hepatitis C (non-A， non- B) virus， Hepatitis D virus (HDV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV).Causes of hepatitis include viral infections，drugs， chemicals， toxins and so on.Viral inflammation of the liver is the most common form of hepatitis;3.Tiuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (結(jié)核分枝桿菌).Infection with these organisms occurs primarily through inhalation of droplets emitted by infected people during coughing， laughing， sneering and singing.The lungs are most commonly affected.The following factors affect the risk for infection： characteristics of the infection person， the amount of air contamination， the duration of exposure， and the susceptibility of the host;4.The oxygen and nutrients the brain needs to function are carried in blood Rabies is a .frequently fatal， acute viral infection which is transmitted to humans by infected animals via a bite or by the exposure of broken skin to an infected animal’s saliva.Rabies is transmitted by infected saliva that enters the body through a bite wound or other open wound.The virus travels from the wound along nerve pathways to the brain， where it causes inflammation that results in the symptoms of the disease.The incubation period ranges from 10 days to 7 years， with the average being 3 to 7 weeks;5.Severe acute respratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the SARS coronavirus.Initial symptoms are flu-like and may include fever，myalgia， lethargy symptoms， cough， sore throat and other nonspecific symptoms.The only symptom common to all patients appears to be a fever above 38℃.Shortness of breath may occur later.The patient has symptoms as with a cold in the first stage， but later on they resemble influenza.SARS may occasionally lead to pneumonia， either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia;6.Avia infuenza - known informally as avian fu or bird fu - refers to influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).It refers to an illness caused by any of many y different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host.All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species influenza A virus.There are many subtypes of avian influenza viruses， but only some strains of five subtypes have been known to infect humans： H5N1， H7N3， H7N7， H7N9 and H9N2The disease is about inflammation of liver cells.( )

正確答案：B
2). Procedures for Dealing with Minor Cuts■I.Even minor cuts can become infected if they are left untreated.Any break in the skin can let bacteria enter the body.■II.An increasing number of bacterial skin infections are resistant to antibiotic medi-cines.These infections can spread throughout the body.But taking good care of any injury that breaks the skin can help prevent an infection.■III.Medical experts say the first step in treating a wound is to use clean water.Lake or ocean water should not be used.■IV.( )■V.It is important to remove all dirt and other material from the wound.■VI.( )■VII.Studies have shown that these medicated products can help the healing.■VIII.( )■IX.Finally，cover the cut with a clean bandage while it heals.■X.( )■XI.As the wound heals，inspect for signs of infection including increased pain，red-ness and fluid ound the cut.■12.( )■13.If a wound seems infected，let the victim rest.Physical activity can spread the in-fection.If there are signs of infection，seek help from doctors or other skilled medical providers.( )
A.Change the bandage daily and keep the wound clean
B.High body temperature is also a sign of infection
C.After the wound is cleaned，use a small amount of antibiotic ointment or cream
D.They also help to keep the surface of the wound from becoming dry
E.For larger wounds or in case bleeding does not stop quickly，use direct pressure.Place a clean piece of cloth on the area and hold it firmly in place until the bleeding stops or medical help arrives
F.To clean the area around the wound，experts suggest using a clean cloth and soap.They say there is no need to use products like hydrogen peroxide or iodine

正確答案：C
3). (共用選項(xiàng))1.AIDS， acquired immune deficiency syndrome， is associated with the immune system deficits.AIDS is determined to be the end stage of chronic infection with HIV.HIV infected individuals and AIDS clients can transmit HIV to others within a few days after initial infection.Transmission of HIV has occurred through sexual intercourse with an HIV infected partner， exposure to HIV infected blood or body fluid， and prenatal transmission during pregnancy， at the time of delivery or through breastfeeding;2.Hepatitis is the widespread inflammation of liver cells.Vital hepatitis， the most prevalent type， results from an infection caused by one of five major categories of viruses： Hepatitis A virus (HAV)， Hepatitis B virus (HBV)， Hepatitis C (non-A， non- B) virus， Hepatitis D virus (HDV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV).Causes of hepatitis include viral infections，drugs， chemicals， toxins and so on.Viral inflammation of the liver is the most common form of hepatitis;3.Tiuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (結(jié)核分枝桿菌).Infection with these organisms occurs primarily through inhalation of droplets emitted by infected people during coughing， laughing， sneering and singing.The lungs are most commonly affected.The following factors affect the risk for infection： characteristics of the infection person， the amount of air contamination， the duration of exposure， and the susceptibility of the host;4.The oxygen and nutrients the brain needs to function are carried in blood Rabies is a .frequently fatal， acute viral infection which is transmitted to humans by infected animals via a bite or by the exposure of broken skin to an infected animal’s saliva.Rabies is transmitted by infected saliva that enters the body through a bite wound or other open wound.The virus travels from the wound along nerve pathways to the brain， where it causes inflammation that results in the symptoms of the disease.The incubation period ranges from 10 days to 7 years， with the average being 3 to 7 weeks;5.Severe acute respratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the SARS coronavirus.Initial symptoms are flu-like and may include fever，myalgia， lethargy symptoms， cough， sore throat and other nonspecific symptoms.The only symptom common to all patients appears to be a fever above 38℃.Shortness of breath may occur later.The patient has symptoms as with a cold in the first stage， but later on they resemble influenza.SARS may occasionally lead to pneumonia， either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia;6.Avia infuenza - known informally as avian fu or bird fu - refers to influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).It refers to an illness caused by any of many y different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host.All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species influenza A virus.There are many subtypes of avian influenza viruses， but only some strains of five subtypes have been known to infect humans： H5N1， H7N3， H7N7， H7N9 and H9N2It is caused by viruses from birds.( )

正確答案：F

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