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2023年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平考試（METS二級(jí)）經(jīng)典試題及答案一,更多相關(guān)資訊請(qǐng)繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國(guó)醫(yī)護(hù)英語(yǔ)水平考試
1). Acute Gastroenteritis■Acute gastroenteritis could be more simply called a long and potentially lethal bout of stomach flu.The most common symptoms are diarrhea，vomiting and stomach pain，be-cause whatever causes the condition inflames the gastrointestinal tract.Acute gastroenteri-tis is quite common among children，though it is certainly possible for adults to suffer from it as well.While most cases of gastroenteritis last a few days，acute gastroenteritis can last for weeks and months.■Numerous things may cause acute gastroenteritis.Bacterial infection is frequently a factor，and infection by parasites can cause acute gastroenteritis to last for several weeks.Viruses can also cause lengthy stomach flu.Accidental poisoning or exposure to toxins may also instigate acute gastroenteritis as well.■When a person does not recover from stomach flu symptoms within a day or so，it is usually a good idea to see a doctor.Some types of acute gastroenteritis will not resolve without antibiotic treatment，especially when bacteria or exposure to parasites are the cause.Physicians may want to diagnose the cause by analyzing a stool sample，when stom-ach symptoms remain problematic.■Another reason to seek medical treatment is that some forms of acute gastroenteritis mimic appendicitis，which may require emergency treatment.Also，young children run an especially high risk of becoming dehydrated during a long course of the stomach flu.One should receive directions regarding how to help affected kids or adults get more fluids.Sometimes children，those with compromised immune systems，and the elderly may re-quire hospitalization and intravenous fluids.Dehydration can actually cause greater nausea，and can begin to cause organ shut down if not properly addressed.■Even though causes for acute gastroenteritis vary，methods of transmission from one person to another usually remain the same.Generally，contact with the fecal matter of a person with the condition and then improperly washing or not washing the hands causes acute gastroenteritis to be quite contagious.Proper hand washing for both the ill person and well people in the family is always encouraged.■Other methods of transmission of acute gastroenteritis can include eating food or drinking liquids contaminated with bacteria or parasites.For example，poorly cooked ham-burger might result in a very severe case of acute gastroenteritis due to exposure to E.co-li，a sometimes lethal bacterial infection in young children.Acute gastroenteritis is the disease that happens in gastrointestinal tract.( )
A.Right
B.Not mentioned
C.Wrong

正確答案：A
2). Temperature■Normal body temperature varies by person，age，activity and time of the day.The average normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37℃).Normal body temperature is a moving target.■Body temperature varies less in adults.However，a woman’s menstrual cycle can elevate temperature by one degree or more.Your body temperature is usually highest in the evening.It can be raised by physical activity，strong emotion，eating，heavy clothing，medications，high room temperature and high humidity.This is especially true in children.■A rectal temperature up to 100.49F (38℃) may be entirely normal.A rectal temperature of 100.5F or above should always be considered a fever.Lower values might be a fever，depending on the person.■Most bacteria and viruses that cause infections in people thrive best at 98.6°E.Raising the temperature a few degrees can give your body the winning edge.In addition，a fever activates the body’s immune system to make more white blood cells，antibodies and other infection-fighting agents.■Many parents fear that fevers will cause brain damage.Brain damage from a fever generally will not occur unless the fever is over 107.6°F (42℃).Many parents also fear that untreated fevers will keep going higher and higher.Untreated fevers caused by infection will seldom go over 105°F unless the child is overdressed，or trapped in a hot place.The brain’s thermostat will stop the fever from climbing above 106°F (41℃).■Fever is not an illness.Far from being an enemy，it is an important part of the body’s defense against infection.Many infants and children develop high fevers with minor viral illnesses.While a fever signals to us that a battle might be going on in the body，the fever is fighting for the person，not against.Temperature is usually measured( )
A.after running
B.in the cool air conditioning room
C.when the patient is at rest

正確答案：C
3). The Germs■The germs that make people sick are everywhere.You can’t see them，but they’re there.They’re sitting on your desk.They’re hiding on your computer’s keyboard.They’re even in the air that you are breathing.There are two types of germs： viruses and bacteria.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants.Viruses cause illnesses such as fu and measles(麻疹).Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren’t so good.They can make you sick.Bacteria can cause sore throats and ear infections.■How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick？ Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing with soap and water.But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth，eyes and nose.■Once germs are inside your body，your immune (免疫的) system tries to protect you.It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do？ Special cells patrol (巡查) your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs！ Other cells make antibodies.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed，the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back.That way you will not get the same illness twice.■You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious(有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的) diet to make your immune system strong.You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated (接種).Vaccines are medicines which contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can’t make you sick.Instead，they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again，then your antibodies attack it.All bacteria cause illnesses.( )
A.Not Mentioned
B.Wrong
C.Right

正確答案：B

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