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2026年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語水平考試（METS四級(jí)）考前沖刺試題及答案二,更多相關(guān)資訊請(qǐng)繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國(guó)醫(yī)護(hù)英語水平考試
1). MSTP Admissions■Stanford′s MSTP Medical Scientist Training Program is interested in identifying students with significant undergraduate research experience that would predict successful completion of a PhD program.In addition， our successful candidates must meet the standards expected of the very best MD candidates.The MSTP admissions process utilizes the san me application as the MD-only application.For questions regarding this process， please contact the MD Office of Admissions directly.■The MSTP admissions process begins with submission of the AMCAS (American Medical College Application Service) application.When an AMCAS application is received by the Office of MD Admissions the information and instructions for completion of Stanford′s supplementary application are made available.Once the application file is complete， it is reviewed by members of the MSTP Admissions .Committee.Admission to the MSTP is contingent on acceptance to the Stanford University MD program， and the application process for both programs is collaborative.■The MSTP Admissions Committee wants to see letters of recommendation from your research mentor， or mentors， addressing your experiences in the laboratory.All letters of recommendation must be submitted through the AMCAS Letters Service.Please visit the AMCAS Letters Service site for instructions and more information.■Eligibility■Academic recommendations for the MSTP follow the same criteria as admission to the MD Program.Please see the MD Admissions website for information on Stanford University′s Medical School Admissions academic recommendations.■If you have matriculated in an MD or PhD program at another institution， you are not eligible to apply to the MSTP.The Stanford MD and MS TP programs do not accept applications from students applying for transfer.Stanford PhD students are eligible to apply through the AMCAS application process.■Stanford MSTP is committed to expanding the participation of diverse populations in our program， and to increasing the number of minorities in academic medicine.Stanford Medicine has a number of programs to support this goal.■International Students■The MSTP is not able to fund International Students.Stipend and tuition support from the MSTP can only be provided for U.S.citizens and permanent residents.Our federal funding restrictions do not permit us to support International Students.Unfortunately， self-support for PhD study is not an option.An International Student can still pursue a dual degree MD-PhD program here at Stanford.The applicant must apply and be admitted separately to both degree programs.It is possible to receive support for PhD study from the specific PhD department or program.Please contact the PhD program directly for PhD application procedures.International Students may be eligible for Institutional Financial Aid.Information on applying for financial aid for the MD program is available here.■PhD Programs■Stanford MSTP students enroll in PhD programs in the biomedical sciences，including those within the School of Medicine， the School of Humanities and Sciences ；(Departments of Biology， Chemistry， Physics， and Statistics)， and the School of Engineering (Bioengineering， Computer Science， Electrical Engineering， and more).■MSTP application in conjunction with social science PhD programs is only permitted for current Stanford MD students previously admitted to a social science PhD program.MD students admitted to a Social Science PhD Program may apply for MSTP funding through the MSTP internal admissions process.■Admission to a PhD-only program is a separate application process.Application and School of Medicine Biosciences PhD admission information is available on the Biosciences PhD Programs site.For all other PhD programs， please contact the relevant Program or Department directly.■Interview Process■Stanford MSTP conducts interviews monthly during the admissions season，usually October through February.We invite approximately 60 candidates for MSTP interview.If you are selected， you will be invited via email.MSTP and MD interviews are conducted separately on two consecutive days.■Your MSTP interview visit will include an introductory meeting with the Program Directors to talk about the structure and unique aspects of the Stanford program.You will have formal interviews with faculty and advanced MSTP students.You will meet again with the Program Directors to wrap up the visit and they will invite you to bring your questions and comments about the program and the admissions process.■Appointments will also be arranged with Stanford faculty whose research interests represent those you plan to pursue during your graduate work.You should use these informal meetings to learn about our faculty and potential research opportunities.You can familiarize yourself with faculty research interests through our Community Academic Profiles.■You will have lunch with current MSTP students on your interview day.MSTP students also plan an informal dinner for you.This is an optional event that our students enjoy hosting as it provides a relaxed opportunity to meet you and answer questions about Stanford′s MSTP.■Applications that are not selected for MSTP interviews are automatically routed to Medical School Admissions to be considered for the MD-only program.Decisions by the MD Admissions Committee are made independently from the MSTP decision.■For details on getting to Stanford and places to stay， please visit our Travel page.■Admissions Decisions■Decisions regarding your MSTP application will be made after the Medical School Admissions Committee has made a decision regarding your MD application.The MSTP program offers 8 -10 new positions each year.To facilitate your decision process，we encourage you to take advantage of your visit to the Stanford campus， advice from your mentors， and other resources， so that you have sufficient knowledge to decide if Stanford′s MSTP is a good match for your interests and goals.Your ability to rank your choices for programs will greatly facilitate the entire admissions process both at Stanford and other programs across the country.■Admit Weekend■Admitted students will be invited to attend the Stanford Medical School Admit Weekend.The MSTP specific revisit events will be on Thursday， before the MD events begin.■Frequently Asked Questions■For more information on admissions and the program check the Frequently Asked Questions.■Current Stanford School of Medicine Students please visit our Internal Admissions page.■NIH GRADUATE PARTNERSHIPS PROGRAM (GPP)： Please note the Stanford MSTP is currently not participating in this program.Stanford MSTP conducts interviews bi- monthly during the non- admissions season.( )
A.True
B.False
C.Not mentioned

正確答案：C
2). Innovation in Medical Education■Our nation′s lack of research in medical education contrasts starkly with the large and essential commitment to biomedical research.No one questions the need for sustained support for research in cancer， heart disease， or dementia， But despite medical education′s central role in creating a workforce capable of delivering the resulting biomedical advances， funding for medical education research is conspicuously absent.( )■The current duration， settings， and organization of graduate medical education(GME) are more the product of tradition than of evidence and have changed little in the face of substantial changes in the health needs of patients and the systems for delivering care.We face questions about the most appropriate structure and content for GME， along with questions that extend beyond GME： What should change in undergraduate medical education， and how should we ensure the continued competence of physicians 20 to 30years into practice? ( )whether and how to support the education of other clinicians (in addition to physicians)， and to what extent federal GME funding is an effective or appropriate tool for addressing imbalances in the geographic or specialty distribution of health care providers.■The research that could answer these questions requires funding and organization that don′t currently exist.The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services pay about $ 10billion a year toward GME but have neither a research and development budget to ensure that this investment is achieving their objectives nor even a clear definition of what those objectives are.Overall， the United States spends nearly $ 3 trillion a year on health care，nearly all of it delivered through clinicians， with no organized research investment directed at improving the way those clinicians are produced.( )The fund would be directed toward research and innovation in the substance of GME as well as its organization and financing， and the proposal echoes the recommendations of other consensus reports.The committee also proposed a governance mechanism to set research priorities and coordinate large scale efforts such as multi-institutional studies or nationwide pilot programs.We propose the following approach，■First， valid and feasible measures of training success need to be defined.The fundamental goal of medical training is the production of a workforce capable of delivering economically sustainable care that will improve the health of patients and populations in a changing environment.( )Medical education is currently assessed through process measures (whether residents get enough cases， enough lectures， enough sleep) or intermediate outcomes such as exam performance.Although competency assessment is receiving increased attention， the connections between resident competency and patient outcomes are assumed rather than demonstrated.In order to evaluate alternative processes of medical education， we need systems for routinely assessing meaningful outcomes； the quality，distribution， and cost of care.Outcomes driven approaches have the additional advantage of fostering innovation.■Second， we need to examine fundamental changes to the structure and content of medical education.Optimal approaches for medical training may differ dramatically from current practice.With meaningful outcomes measures in hand， we can examine more fundamental questions， such as whether graduation from medical school or residency training should be time based or competency-based.( )Indeed， the increasing availability of medical information at the point of care might allow us to reduce the time and cost of creating new physicians and redirect some resources toward keeping the practices of established physicians current.■Third， new models for financing medical education could be piloted.One reason that GME gets so much attention is that a lot of money flows through it.Currently， medicare(mostly) pays hospitals (mostly) for training residents (exclusively physicians)，using a historical formula that is largely untethered to current goals.( )Innovative funding experiments could include allowing some residents (perhaps defined by specialty or institution) to bill for their services instead of having their institutions receive federal GME funding.Other experiments might assess the effect of using larger payments to direct trainees toward undersupplied specialties or geographic areas.Pilot programs might also distribute support across undergraduate， graduate， and continuing medical education - or to nonphysicians- potentially enhancing the leverage of public investment.■The fact that we lack evidence today doesn′t mean that we can′t have evidence for the education we will deliver or the policy changes we will need to make in 10 or 20 years.( )With some funding and an organized approach to research investment， we can innovate toward the future workforce we need.The government has planned to invest money in making researches on the improvement of medical education.( )
A.True
B.False
C.Not mentioned

正確答案：C

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