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2026年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平考試（METS三級(jí)）綜合能力測(cè)試題及答案一,更多相關(guān)資訊請(qǐng)繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國(guó)醫(yī)護(hù)英語(yǔ)水平考試
1). Careers in Nursing■The growing demand for nurses makes nursing one of the most sought-after health-care careers.According to the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics，more new jobs are expected to be created for registered nurses over the next several years than for any other occupations.The greatest need is for nurses with bachelor of science nursing degrees who can provide care in a variety of settings，such as hospitals，schools，and nursing homes.( )■Students interested in nursing should discuss nursing education programs with their parents，school guidance counselors，and nurses they may know.They should read about nursing careers as much as possible.High school students can lear about nursing by volunteeing in hospitals or joining organizations that expose them to careers in the health-care field，such as the American Red Cross.■In the United States，students must graduate from an approved nursing program and pass a licensing examination to get a nursing license.The purpose of this is to protect the public by making sure the nurse has met minimum standards of knowledge and of safe practice.■( ) They are bachelor of science degree programs，associate degree programs，and diploma programs.Graduation from high school is required for all three.The program should be accredited by the National League for Nursing or the American Association of Colleges of Nursing.■Students who receive bachelor of science degrees usually major in nursing.This degree is called a BSN.( ) The curriculum combines nursing education with general education in the liberal arts and sciences.Graduates may enter master’s degree programs to prepare for more advanced positions.■Associate degree programs are two-year programs offered by junior or community colleges.Students take both liberal arts and technical courses and receive faculty-super-vised experience in hospitals.■Diploma programs，which are becoming less common，are usually offered by hospitals or other health institutions.The course of study takes two or three years and includes study of the sciences and the theory and practice of nursing.■( ) Most advanced practice nursing specalties require a master’s degree in the specialty area.Some programs prepare nurses to be clinical specialists in certain areas，such as mental health，geriatrics，pediatrics，or obstetrics.( ) Nurse scientists and researchers，deans of college and university programs，and faculty members in graduate schools usually must have doctoral degrees.■All nurses must keep their skills up to date.Continuing education programs are usually avilable through nurses’ associations，hospitals，and colleges.The licensed practical nurse program is usually offered by vocational schools in the public education system，in junior or community colleges，or in hospitals.The program usually takes a year to complete，but may vary from 9 to 18 months.■( )
A.There is also a need for nurses who specialize in specific areas such as neonatal care，mental health，and surgery
B.Three types of programs prepare students to become RN’s in the United States
C.Other programs prepare nurses for careers in teaching or administration
D.Graduates of diploma and associate degree programs who decide they want advanced study are eligible to apply to programs that offer bachelor’s or master’s degrees in nursing
E.BSN’s are offered in senior colleges and universities and take four academic years
F.Nursing assistant programs are now offered by various agencies and community colleges

正確答案：A
2). COPD■COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive disease that makes its victim hard to breathe.COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of mucus (a slimy substance)， wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms.Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD.Most people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke.Long-term exposure to other lung irritants- such as air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust- also may contribute to COPD.■To understand COPD, it helps to understand how the lungs work.The air that you breathe goes down your windpipe into tubes in your lungs called bronchial tubes or airways.Within the lungs, your bronchial tubes branch into thousands of smaller, thinner tubes called bronchioles.These tubes end in bunches of tiny round air sacs called alveoli.Small blood vessels called capillaries run through the walls of the air sacs.When air reaches the air sacs, oxygen passes through the air sac walls into the blood in the capillaries.At the same time, carbon dioxide (a waste gas) moves from the capillaries into the air sacs.This process is called gas exchange.The airways and air sacs are elastic(stretchy).When you breathe in, each air sac fills up with air like a small balloon.When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate and the air goes out.■In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the following:■The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality.■The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.■The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed.■The airways make more mucus than usual, which can clog them.■In the United States, the term“COPD”includes two main conditions-- emphysema and chronic bronchitis.In emphysema， the walls between many of the air sacs are damaged.As a result, the air sacs lose their shape and become floppy.This damage also can destroy the walls of the air sacs, leading to fewer and larger air sacs instead of many tiny ones.If this happens, the amount of gas exchange in the lungs is reduced.In chronic bronchitis, the lining of the airways is constantly irritated and inflamed.This causes the lining to thicken.Lots of thick mucus forms in the airways, making it hard to breathe.Most people who have COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis.Thus, the general term“COPD”is more accurate.■COPD develops slowly.Symptoms often worsen over time and can limit your ability to do routine activities.Severe COPD may prevent you from doing even basic activities like walking, cooking, or taking care of yourself.Most of the time, COPD is diagnosed in middle- aged or older adults.The disease isn′t passed from person to person-- you can′t catch it from someone else.COPD has no cure yet, and doctors don′t know how to reverse the damage to the airways and lungs.However, treatments and lifestyle changes can help you feel better, stay more active, and slow the progress of the disease.What is the normal pathway of air that you breathe into your lungs?( )
A.Windpipe, bronchial tubes, bronchioles, alveoli
B.Bronchial airways, bronchioles, capillaries, air sacs
C.Windpipe, bronchioles, air sacs, capillaries
D.Air sacs, capillaries, bronchioles, windpipe

正確答案：A

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