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2026年全國醫(yī)學英語水平考試（METS三級）練習題及答案三,更多相關(guān)資訊請繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國醫(yī)護英語水平考試
1). COPD■COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive disease that makes its victim hard to breathe.COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of mucus (a slimy substance)， wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms.Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD.Most people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke.Long-term exposure to other lung irritants- such as air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust- also may contribute to COPD.■To understand COPD, it helps to understand how the lungs work.The air that you breathe goes down your windpipe into tubes in your lungs called bronchial tubes or airways.Within the lungs, your bronchial tubes branch into thousands of smaller, thinner tubes called bronchioles.These tubes end in bunches of tiny round air sacs called alveoli.Small blood vessels called capillaries run through the walls of the air sacs.When air reaches the air sacs, oxygen passes through the air sac walls into the blood in the capillaries.At the same time, carbon dioxide (a waste gas) moves from the capillaries into the air sacs.This process is called gas exchange.The airways and air sacs are elastic(stretchy).When you breathe in, each air sac fills up with air like a small balloon.When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate and the air goes out.■In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the following:■The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality.■The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.■The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed.■The airways make more mucus than usual, which can clog them.■In the United States, the term“COPD”includes two main conditions-- emphysema and chronic bronchitis.In emphysema， the walls between many of the air sacs are damaged.As a result, the air sacs lose their shape and become floppy.This damage also can destroy the walls of the air sacs, leading to fewer and larger air sacs instead of many tiny ones.If this happens, the amount of gas exchange in the lungs is reduced.In chronic bronchitis, the lining of the airways is constantly irritated and inflamed.This causes the lining to thicken.Lots of thick mucus forms in the airways, making it hard to breathe.Most people who have COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis.Thus, the general term“COPD”is more accurate.■COPD develops slowly.Symptoms often worsen over time and can limit your ability to do routine activities.Severe COPD may prevent you from doing even basic activities like walking, cooking, or taking care of yourself.Most of the time, COPD is diagnosed in middle- aged or older adults.The disease isn′t passed from person to person-- you can′t catch it from someone else.COPD has no cure yet, and doctors don′t know how to reverse the damage to the airways and lungs.However, treatments and lifestyle changes can help you feel better, stay more active, and slow the progress of the disease.Which is true about the treatments for COPD according to the passage?( )
A.The damage to the airways and lungs can be reversed and cured by medicine
B.COPD is a kind of communicable disease, thus prevention and isolation are important
C.There is no cure for COPD but some ways to slow the progress of the disease
D.Lifestyle changes hold negative effect for patients with COPD

正確答案：C
2). How Heart Works■It is about the size of a fist，weight about 9-11 ounces and is placed between the lungs，a itte more to the left than to the right.A ( ) runs down the centre of it，dividing it into left and right sections which work at the same time but deal with ( ) different types of blood.The heart，which is a muscular pump，beats about 72 times a minute through a continuous and automatic process of muscular contraction and ( ).■Each section (left and right section) is again divided into upper and lower parts，the auricles and ventricles.The blood is pumped through all four chambers in turn in the ( ) of being circulated through all parts of the body.The heart’s first purpose is to supply a steady ( ) of oxygen to all the body cells and to return carbon dioxide to the lungs.On its journey the blood distributes dissolved foods and carries away ( ).■Two large veins pour the ( )，used blood into the first chamber，the right auricle，which passes it into the chamber below，the right ventricle.The muscle surrounding this part ( ) in a beat that pushes the blood into the ( )where the carbon dioxide is removed and ( ) with vital oxygen.Meanwhile ( ) scarlet blood from the lungs enters the left auricle to be ( )to the left ventricle.■From there it is forced by the contracting muscle through a ( ) into the aorta，the body’s ( ) artery which distributes it all over the body.The heart beats about 100，000 times every 24 hours and pushes several quarts of blood through miles of arteries，veins and ( ) capillaries.A healthy heart keeps this up for a liftime without fltering.( )
A.procedure
B.stage
C.course
D.step

正確答案：C
3). COPD■COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive disease that makes its victim hard to breathe.COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of mucus (a slimy substance)， wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms.Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD.Most people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke.Long-term exposure to other lung irritants- such as air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust- also may contribute to COPD.■To understand COPD, it helps to understand how the lungs work.The air that you breathe goes down your windpipe into tubes in your lungs called bronchial tubes or airways.Within the lungs, your bronchial tubes branch into thousands of smaller, thinner tubes called bronchioles.These tubes end in bunches of tiny round air sacs called alveoli.Small blood vessels called capillaries run through the walls of the air sacs.When air reaches the air sacs, oxygen passes through the air sac walls into the blood in the capillaries.At the same time, carbon dioxide (a waste gas) moves from the capillaries into the air sacs.This process is called gas exchange.The airways and air sacs are elastic(stretchy).When you breathe in, each air sac fills up with air like a small balloon.When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate and the air goes out.■In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the following:■The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality.■The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.■The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed.■The airways make more mucus than usual, which can clog them.■In the United States, the term“COPD”includes two main conditions-- emphysema and chronic bronchitis.In emphysema， the walls between many of the air sacs are damaged.As a result, the air sacs lose their shape and become floppy.This damage also can destroy the walls of the air sacs, leading to fewer and larger air sacs instead of many tiny ones.If this happens, the amount of gas exchange in the lungs is reduced.In chronic bronchitis, the lining of the airways is constantly irritated and inflamed.This causes the lining to thicken.Lots of thick mucus forms in the airways, making it hard to breathe.Most people who have COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis.Thus, the general term“COPD”is more accurate.■COPD develops slowly.Symptoms often worsen over time and can limit your ability to do routine activities.Severe COPD may prevent you from doing even basic activities like walking, cooking, or taking care of yourself.Most of the time, COPD is diagnosed in middle- aged or older adults.The disease isn′t passed from person to person-- you can′t catch it from someone else.COPD has no cure yet, and doctors don′t know how to reverse the damage to the airways and lungs.However, treatments and lifestyle changes can help you feel better, stay more active, and slow the progress of the disease.It can be inferred from the passage that( )
A.emphysema develops less advanced than chronic bronchitis
B.chronic bronchitis is infrequently complicated by emphysema in most people
C.there is ambiguity between emphysema and chronic bronchitis, thus COPD is more accurate
D.emphysema is more difficult to treat than chronic bronchitis in most people who have COPD

正確答案：C

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