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2025年全國醫(yī)學(xué)英語水平考試（METS三級）練習(xí)題及答案四,更多相關(guān)資訊請繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國醫(yī)護(hù)英語水平考試
1). Stay Hungry for the Body Beautiful■1.Exereising on an empty stomach might help you get a six- pack sooner.Studies show that running on empty may not be such a bad idea after all.Though many athletes eat before training，some scientists say that if you really want to get rid of more fat，you should skip the pre-workout snack.Several studies suggest exercising while your body is low on food may be a good way to trim excess fat.In a recent paper，European researchers found that cyclists who trained without eating burned significantly more fat than those who ate.■2.Muscles usually get their energy from carbohydrates，which is why athletes like Lance Armstrong and Michael Phelps scarf down enormous amounts of food before a race.But if you haven′t eaten before exercising，your body doesn′t have many carbohydrates in reserve.That forces it to burn fat instead，scientists say.When you exercise (afer fasting)，your adrenalin is high and your insulin is low.That ratio is favorable for your muscles to oxidize (break down) more fatty acids.Therefore，people who don′t eat before exercise burn more fat than they would if they had grabbed a bite beforehand.■3.In a study published in April，researchers at the University of Birmingham and elsewhere assigned seven people to cycle three days a week，followed by an intense session an hour later without eating.Another seven people followed the same regime，without the instruction to fast.Though members of the group that didn′t eat performed worse on the intensive training，they burned a higher proportion of fat to carbohydrates than the group that ate.The results were published by Medicime & Science in Sports & Exercise，the journal of the American College of Sports Medicine.In a 2008 study，researchers tested the effects on men who did endurance training without eating versus those who ate.In the athletes who hadn′t eaten，the researchers found a spike in the amount of proteins needed to process fat，meaning their bodies had been primed through fasting to burn more fat.■4.Other experts say that even though people may burn more fat this way，it is mostly fat within the muscles that will be lost and won′t make a big difference to people trying to lose weight.When you exercise (without eating)，fat is broken down more quickly in the muscle.You may enhance how you burn the fat in the muscles，but it doesn′t affect your overall body fat.More intense exercise may prompt the body to burn more fatty acids in other regions of the body，but that a lot of training would be required to see a big difference.■5.The method wasn′t for everybody and that aside from the pain of struggling through an exercise session while hungry，there are other potential pitfalls When you postpone breakfast to exercise，it is possible you might eat more afterward.People exercising (without eating) need to respect all the normal strategies of weight control like not overeating.choose the most suitable subheading from list A-F for each paragraph of the passage.Paragraph 2( )
A.Exercising without food is not suitable for everyone and has disadvantages
B.Exercising on an empty stomach may be a good way to burn more fat
C.Exercising without food may only burn the fat in the muscles instead of affecting your overall body fat
D.Some athletes tend to eat enormous amounts of food before a race in order to get more energy
E.According to the two studies，people who exercised without food burned more fat than those who ate before exercise
F.When you exercise without eating，the lack of carbohydrates forces your body to burn fat instead

正確答案：F
2). Deep Vein Thrombosis■Deep vein thrombosis，also known as DVT refers to the formation of a thrombus in a deep vein in the leg.A thrombus is a blood clot.Deep vein thrombosis tends to occur in leg veins，such as the popliteal or femoral veins，as well as deep veins within the pelvis.In some cases，as with Paget-Schrotter disease，they may form in the veins of the arm.If the thrombus breaks off，it is known as an embolus一a piece of blood clot - and can make its way to the lung，resulting in a pulmonary embolism.In other contexts，an embolus may also refer to a piece of fat or an air bubble.■Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are two parts of the disease known as venous thromboembolism.■Some people may develop DVT and not be aware of it；there will be no symptoms.Commonly，though，the patient will experience pain，swelling，redness，tenderness and warmth in the affected area；superficial veins may swell up too.■DVT must be treated as a medical emergency.3% of DVTs that develop in the leg eventually kill the patient，mainly due to a pulmonary embolism complication.■Then how common is deep vein thrombosis(DVT)？According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH)，USA，DVTs affect approximately 1 in every 1，000 adults in America each year.Public health athorities estimate a total incidence of between 350，000 and 600，000cases of DVT or PE annully.About 100，000 people lose their lives because of a DVT/PE related condition each year.■Although DVTs may occur in children，they are extremely rare.US authorities estimate that approximately 1 in every 100，000 children (under 18 years) in the country develops DVT each year.In rich nations，DVT is the second most common cause of maternal death，after bleeding.In the USA，Canada and Western Europe，DVT is thought to occur in 0.5 per1，000 pregnancies.■Patients undergoing knee and hip surgery have a 1% risk of developing DVT，while those undergoing knee arthroplasty run a 0.5% risk，says the NIH.■What are the signs and sym symptoms of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)？The difference between a sign and a symptom - the patient feels and describes a symptom，such as a pain，while signs can be detected by other people，including doctors and nurses，and may include a rash，redness or swelling.■As mentioned earlier，some people may have developed DVT and have no symptoms.■If signs and symptoms do occur，they may include：■●Pain in the affected limb.In many patients，pain starts in the calf.■●Swelling in the affected limb.■●The skin of the affected leg may feel warm.■●The skin may go red，especially below the knee behind the leg.The skin may be discolored.■●The surface veins of the affected limb may become dilated.■●Leg fatigue.The difference between a sign and a symptom is that a sign can be felt by a patient and a symptom can be detected by other people，e.g.doctors and nurses.( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not Mentioned

正確答案：B
3). Deep Vein Thrombosis■Deep vein thrombosis(DVT)and subsequent pulmonary embolism(PE)，collectively known as venous thromboembolism(VTE)，are highly preventable inpatient complications.■“Prevention is key”is a time-honored saying.The key to prevention of hospital-acquired VTE is to rely on evidence-based practices，such as efficient screening，early detection and interventions，and patient education.■Scoping Out the Problem■According to the CDC，as many as 900，000 people(1 to 2 per 1，000)could be affected by VTE each year in the United States.An estimated 60，000 to 100，000 Americans die of VTE.What′s more，■10% to 30% of patients will die within 1 month of VTE diagnosis.■sudden death is the first sign in about 25% of people who have a PE.■among people who′ve had a DVT，50% will have long-term complications such as extremity pain，venous dilation，edema，pigmentation and venous ulcers.■over 90% of acute PEs occur due to lower extremity DVT that results in an embolism.■about 33% of people with VTE will have a recurrence within 10 years.■approximately 5% to 8% of the US population have one of several genetic risk factors.■Nursing Considerations■Nurses caring for patients at risk for DVT need to consider their health history，family history，current illness，current medications and physical assessment data.To effectively advocate for patients and prevent DVT，nurses have a responsibility to assess the patient′s risk factors and identify and promptly report abnormal physical assessment findings.Although a patient may have an asymptomatic DVT，signs and symptoms of DVT in an affected LE may include：■edema，■a palpable cord indicating a thrombosed vein，■dilated superficial veins，■a sense of fullness in the thigh or calf，■tenderness or pain，■warmth，■erythema.■Key Preventive Interventions■To prevent DVT in hospitalized medical patients without risk factors for VTE or who are at high risk for bleeding or in whom anticoagulation is contraindicated(禁用)，recommendations include early ambulation with or without mechanical methods of thromboprophylaxis(預(yù)防血栓).■For most patients hospitalized with an acute medical illness who have at least one risk factor for VTE and don′t have an increased risk of bleeding，pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is recommended.■For most patients hospitalized with an acute medical illness with multiple risk factors for VTE，many experts administer more aggressive prophylaxis with pharmacologic and mechanical thromboprophylaxis.For most patients hospitalized with an acute medical illness with several risk factors for VTE，prophylaxis with pharmacologic and mechanical thromboprophylaxis is needed.( )
A.Right
B.Not Mentioned
C.Wrong

正確答案：A

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