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2025年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平考試（METS三級(jí)）練習(xí)題及答案三,更多相關(guān)資訊請(qǐng)繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國(guó)醫(yī)護(hù)英語(yǔ)水平考試
1). What Does Respiratory System Do in Our Body？■The lung or pulmonary system is the essential respiration organ in all air-breathing animals.The major function of them is“gas exchange”between the ( )environment and an organism′s circulatory system.In mammals and the more complex life ( )，the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart.Their ( )function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream，and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the ( )■In order to completely explain the anatomy of the lungs，it is necessary to discuss the ( ) of air through the mouth to the alveoli.Once air progresses through the mouth or nose，it travels through the oropharynx，nasopharynx，the larynx，the trachea，and a progressively subdividing system of bronchi and bronchioles until it finally reaches the alveoli where the gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place.■Upon inhalation，gas exchange ( )at the alveoli，the tiny sacs which are the basic functional ( ) of the lungs.The alveolar walls are extremely thin (approx.0.2 micrometers).The close proximity of these two cell types ( ) permeability to gases and，( ) gas exchange.This whole mechanism of gas exchange is ( ) by the simple phenomenon of pressure ( ) When the air pressure is high inside the lungs，the air from ( ) flow out.When the air pressure is low inside，then air flows into the lungs.■( ) their functions in gas exchange，the lungs have a number of metabolic functions.They manufacture surfactant(表面活性劑) for local use，as noted ( ) They also contain a fibrinolytic system(內(nèi)源性纖溶系統(tǒng))that lyses clots in the pulmonary vessels.They release a variety of substances that enter the systemic arterial blood and they ( ) other substances from the systemic venous blood that reach them via the pulmonary artery.( )
A.occurs
B.happened
C.starting
D.sets

正確答案：A
2). Vaccinating and Registering the Children Born during Ebola■In Sierra Leone，the Ebola outbreak has affected all aspects of health care.Exact numbers are yet to be confirmed but it is( )that many children have missed out on routine vaccination services and birth registration during the outbreak.To counter this，mass immunization( )are being held to enable children to “catch-up”.In June ，2015，an integrate measles and polio (小兒麻痹癥) campaign was conducted reaching 97% of children under the age of 5.■In mid-July，2015，Sierra Leone′s Ministry of Health and Sanitation，supported by WHO，UNICEF and other partners held a 3-day campaign to ( )1.4 million children against polio.The campaign also registered births，( )birth certificates for an estimated 200，000 children born at home during the Ebola outbreak.■Birth registration is an essential part of protecting children′s rights.Although 78% of children under the age of 5 are registered at birth in Sierra Leone，those who lack( )documents are at risk of child labor，early marriage and other forms of violence.■“Immunization campaigns are important steps in protecting children against( )diseases and assuring their well-being”，said Dr Anders，WHO Representative in Sierra Leone.“While we are still striving to get to zero Ebola，( )services-such as birth registration and routine immunization-and empowering social structures and institutions to be functional is( )transitioning from the Ebola response to a concrete recovery process.”■The door-to-door campaign also provided a good opportunity to vaccinate children who( )routine immunization.Families in homes under quarantine in Ebola-affected areas also benefited from these essential services，“I am happy to receive these services for my newborn child because they are free and right here at my home.”said Adama Conteh，whose 11-day-old son had )just received his polio vaccination and a birth certificate.■After vaccination，indelible ink is marked on the children′s fingers as( )that they were vaccinated.Independent monitors conduct post campaign monitoring to assess coverage.( )
A.identical
B.identity
C.identify
D.identified

正確答案：B
3). Asthma■Asthma is a respiratory disorder in which breathing difculty is caused by temporary narrowing of the bronchi，the airways branching from the trachea to the lungs.Attacks usually are brought on by allergic reaction to antigens such as grass and tree pollens，mold spores，fungi，animal dander，dust mites，and certain foods.Attacks may also be caused by chemicals in the atmosphere or by infections of the respiratory tract.An unusual form of asthma is associated with use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-nflammatory drugs.Emotions do not cause asthma but can，in a person with asthma，prompt symptoms.■In many asthma patients inflammation of the lining of the airways leads to increased sensitivity to a variety of environmental triggers that can cause narrowing of the airways，resulting in obstruction of airflow and breathing difficulty.In some patients the mucus glands in the airways produce excessive thick mucus，further obstructing airflow.■An asthma attack may be brief or last for several days.Typically an attack begins within minutes after exposure to a triggering agent.Some patients have only occasional or seasonal symptoms，while others have daily symptoms.Symptoms include a sensation of tightness in the chest，coughing and wheezing，and dificulty in breathing.During attacks patients usually find it more diffcult to exhale than inhale，which causes overinflation of the chest and impaired lung functions.Attacks that last for hours or days despite treatment can be life-threatening，because patients develop a rapid pulse as the heart attempts to compensate for the lack of oxygen in the blood.They also develop signs of exhaustion and dehydration，requiring hospitalization.■Asthma may begin at any age but it usually starts in childhood.Childhood asthma may be associated with the skin disease eczema，reflecting the tendency of the child toward hypersensitivity reactions.Asthma attacks usually become less frequent and less severe over the years，disappearing in about half of all affected children before adulthood.■On a long-term basis asthma usually is managed by determining the allergen responsible for the attacks so that the patient can avoid it.When avoidance of allergens is not feasible，patients can sometimes be desensitized by injections of graded doses of the allergen at regular intervals.Relaxation and breathing exercises also help.In severe attacks oxygen administration or use of a respirator may be required.■Asthma drugs try to lessen the hyperreactivity of airways and relax smooth muscle，to open the aiways.Many medications are inhaled directly into the airways，so less is absorbed into the bloodstream，resulting in fewer side effects.Most of the medications fall into two categories：anti-inflammatory medications，such as corticosteroids and cromolyn；and bronchodilators，including beta2 agonists，theophyline，and anticholinergics.There is some concern that the use of beta2 agonists may actually increase airway hyperresponsiveness and is asociated with increased motality from asthma.However，it is difcult to distinguish between increased utilization of the drug by patients with more severe disease，which may be fatal，and the possibility that beta2 agonists contribute to mortality by enhancing disease severity.Many medications for asthma are not absorbed into the blood，so the side effects increase.( )
A.Not Mentioned
B.Wrong
C.Right

正確答案：B

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