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2025年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平考試（METS三級(jí)）練習(xí)題及答案一,更多相關(guān)資訊請(qǐng)繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國(guó)醫(yī)護(hù)英語(yǔ)水平考試
1). Treatment for obesity■1.Obesity can become a chronic lifelong condition caused by overeating，physical inactivity，and even genetic makeup.No matter what the cause is，however，obesity can be prevented or managed with a combination of diet，exercise，behavior modification，and in severe cases，weight-loss medications and surgery.■2.The most common and conservative treatment for obesity tilizes a nutritionally balanced，low calorie diet.Most health-care professionals and commercial weight-loss programs recommend diets consisting of 1，200 to 1，500 calories per day，usually in the following proportions：60 percent carbohydrate，30 percent fat，and 10 percent protein.■3.Caloric restriction alone will not produce long-term weight loss.While the data from studies on the effect of exercise for short-term weight loss are contradictory，research clearly indicates that regular exercise is the single best predictor for achieving long-term weight control.Regular exercise will also improve some of the medical conditions associated with obesity，including elevated blood cholesterol，hypertension，and diabetes mellitus.■4.A renewed scientific and commercial interest in weight-loss medications was prompted by the approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the appetite suppressant dexfenfluramine (右芬氟拉明) in 1996.Dexfenfluramine was the first weight-loss medication approved in the United States in over 20 years and the first ever approved for maintaining weight loss.■5.Over a six-month period，weight-loss medications may result in a 10-percent body weight reduction.Weight loss slows or stops after six months，and discontinuing medication usually causes weight regain.Many experts recommend that medications for weight control should be used continuously，like medications for diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Unfortunately，few studies have examined the consequence of long-term use of weight-control medications.■6.Surgery may be a weight-loss option for patients who are severely obese and suffer from serious medical conditions due to weight.There are two accepted surgical procedures for reducing body weight：gastroplasty(胃成形術(shù))and gasric bypass(胃旁路術(shù)).Although these two procedures use different surgical methods，they both reduce the stomach to a pouch (小袋) that is smaller than a chicken′s egg，drastically limiting the amount of food that can be consumed at one time.Surgery is not without risk and should be performed by skilled surgeons who also provide patients with a comprehensive program for long-term weight control.Paragraph 1( )
A.Are there any weight-loss medication approved by FDA？
B.What is the most common and conservative treatment for obesity？
C.How can obesity be prevented or managed generally？
D.Why is the operation necessary for obesity？
E.What kind of effects will regular exercise bring about？
F.Should weight-loss medication be used in a long or short term？What about its outcomes？

正確答案：C
2). Asthma■Asthma is a respiratory disorder in which breathing difculty is caused by temporary narrowing of the bronchi，the airways branching from the trachea to the lungs.Attacks usually are brought on by allergic reaction to antigens such as grass and tree pollens，mold spores，fungi，animal dander，dust mites，and certain foods.Attacks may also be caused by chemicals in the atmosphere or by infections of the respiratory tract.An unusual form of asthma is associated with use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-nflammatory drugs.Emotions do not cause asthma but can，in a person with asthma，prompt symptoms.■In many asthma patients inflammation of the lining of the airways leads to increased sensitivity to a variety of environmental triggers that can cause narrowing of the airways，resulting in obstruction of airflow and breathing difficulty.In some patients the mucus glands in the airways produce excessive thick mucus，further obstructing airflow.■An asthma attack may be brief or last for several days.Typically an attack begins within minutes after exposure to a triggering agent.Some patients have only occasional or seasonal symptoms，while others have daily symptoms.Symptoms include a sensation of tightness in the chest，coughing and wheezing，and dificulty in breathing.During attacks patients usually find it more diffcult to exhale than inhale，which causes overinflation of the chest and impaired lung functions.Attacks that last for hours or days despite treatment can be life-threatening，because patients develop a rapid pulse as the heart attempts to compensate for the lack of oxygen in the blood.They also develop signs of exhaustion and dehydration，requiring hospitalization.■Asthma may begin at any age but it usually starts in childhood.Childhood asthma may be associated with the skin disease eczema，reflecting the tendency of the child toward hypersensitivity reactions.Asthma attacks usually become less frequent and less severe over the years，disappearing in about half of all affected children before adulthood.■On a long-term basis asthma usually is managed by determining the allergen responsible for the attacks so that the patient can avoid it.When avoidance of allergens is not feasible，patients can sometimes be desensitized by injections of graded doses of the allergen at regular intervals.Relaxation and breathing exercises also help.In severe attacks oxygen administration or use of a respirator may be required.■Asthma drugs try to lessen the hyperreactivity of airways and relax smooth muscle，to open the aiways.Many medications are inhaled directly into the airways，so less is absorbed into the bloodstream，resulting in fewer side effects.Most of the medications fall into two categories：anti-inflammatory medications，such as corticosteroids and cromolyn；and bronchodilators，including beta2 agonists，theophyline，and anticholinergics.There is some concern that the use of beta2 agonists may actually increase airway hyperresponsiveness and is asociated with increased motality from asthma.However，it is difcult to distinguish between increased utilization of the drug by patients with more severe disease，which may be fatal，and the possibility that beta2 agonists contribute to mortality by enhancing disease severity.Being injected by a certain amount of alergens at regular intervals，the patients may develop resistance to allergens.( )
A.Right
B.Not Mentioned
C.Wrong

正確答案：A
3). Read the following passage on home care for dementia patients.■Improving Home Care for Dementia Patients■When she was 71，Laura started to lose her memory. She kept forgetting what she had just said or done. She would repeat the same question again and again and ( )to remember the answer，Worst of all，she could no longer manage to perform simple household chores. Her husband persuaded her to make an ( )with a memory clinic.■Dementia is a progressive brain disorder that makes it increasingly difficult to remember things，think clearly and ( )with others. It is one of the major causes of ( )and dependency among older people worldwide. An estimated 9.19 million people in China suffer from the disorder，more than any other country in the world.■Most people who have dementia in China are taken care of at home. Caregiver support groups are an important ( )for both patients and their families.The groups provide a platform to explore different ways to help and cope with dementia patients.( )caregiver support groups still only exist in bigger cities.Elsewhere，resources are few and far between. The number of memory clinics with well-trained neurologists and psychiatrists is ( )and only a few are able to provide integrative care including medication and psychosocial interventions for people with dementia.■In order to improve early detection and home care of dementia patients，efforts are under way to better link specialized and community services. A pilot project in Beiing is exploring whether group training and support for family caregivers can help( )the burden on caregivers and slow down the ( )patients′ daily activity. The project is also trying to find out whether moving services from medical hospitals to community centers could improve( )and affordability.■Life is certainly much brighter for Laura thanks to the support group.“Joining the group，learning from the mini-lectures and other families′ experiences，I am picking up ideas and becoming more confident that I can help my wife live with her dementia，”says Laura′s husband.( )
A.limited
B.unavailable
C.abundant
D.invisible

正確答案：A

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