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2024年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平考試（METS三級(jí)）練習(xí)題及答案二,更多相關(guān)資訊請(qǐng)繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國(guó)醫(yī)護(hù)英語(yǔ)水平考試
1). Treatment for obesity■1.Obesity can become a chronic lifelong condition caused by overeating，physical inactivity，and even genetic makeup.No matter what the cause is，however，obesity can be prevented or managed with a combination of diet，exercise，behavior modification，and in severe cases，weight-loss medications and surgery.■2.The most common and conservative treatment for obesity tilizes a nutritionally balanced，low calorie diet.Most health-care professionals and commercial weight-loss programs recommend diets consisting of 1，200 to 1，500 calories per day，usually in the following proportions：60 percent carbohydrate，30 percent fat，and 10 percent protein.■3.Caloric restriction alone will not produce long-term weight loss.While the data from studies on the effect of exercise for short-term weight loss are contradictory，research clearly indicates that regular exercise is the single best predictor for achieving long-term weight control.Regular exercise will also improve some of the medical conditions associated with obesity，including elevated blood cholesterol，hypertension，and diabetes mellitus.■4.A renewed scientific and commercial interest in weight-loss medications was prompted by the approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the appetite suppressant dexfenfluramine (右芬氟拉明) in 1996.Dexfenfluramine was the first weight-loss medication approved in the United States in over 20 years and the first ever approved for maintaining weight loss.■5.Over a six-month period，weight-loss medications may result in a 10-percent body weight reduction.Weight loss slows or stops after six months，and discontinuing medication usually causes weight regain.Many experts recommend that medications for weight control should be used continuously，like medications for diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Unfortunately，few studies have examined the consequence of long-term use of weight-control medications.■6.Surgery may be a weight-loss option for patients who are severely obese and suffer from serious medical conditions due to weight.There are two accepted surgical procedures for reducing body weight：gastroplasty(胃成形術(shù))and gasric bypass(胃旁路術(shù)).Although these two procedures use different surgical methods，they both reduce the stomach to a pouch (小袋) that is smaller than a chicken′s egg，drastically limiting the amount of food that can be consumed at one time.Surgery is not without risk and should be performed by skilled surgeons who also provide patients with a comprehensive program for long-term weight control.Paragraph 4( )
A.Are there any weight-loss medication approved by FDA？
B.What is the most common and conservative treatment for obesity？
C.How can obesity be prevented or managed generally？
D.Why is the operation necessary for obesity？
E.What kind of effects will regular exercise bring about？
F.Should weight-loss medication be used in a long or short term？What about its outcomes？

正確答案：A
2). General Nutritional Information■1 Making wise food choices early in life will help prevent health problems that can affect you later.It is reported that 8 of the 10 leading causes of death in America are directly related to what we eat and drink.Your eating habits, along with a smart exercise program, are crucial elements on the path to a healthier body and self.■2 Experts recommend limiting your fat intake to 30% of the total calories you consume per day.For a moderately active woman, you should consume approximately2,000 calories and 65 grams of fat each day.For a moderately active man, you should consume approximately 2,500 calories and 80 grams of fat.If you want to lose weight, the equation is simple, eat less and exercise more.If you reduce your caloric intake by 500calories per day, you will lose 1 pound per week.Alternatively, if you consume the same amount of calories, but increase your activity level to burn an additional 500 calories per day, you will also lose 1 pound per week.The easiest way to decrease the number of calories your body stores as fat is to not consume those calories in the first place;especially since it is much more difficult to burn calories once they are consumed.For weight loss it is recommended that you do not decrease your calorie and fat intake to any less than 1,200 calories and 40 grams of fat.Starvation diets or losing weight too fast can be dangerous.■3 A consistent pattern of daily physical activity and exercise is one of the healthiest habits you can get into.Studies have shown that physical activity tends to decrease with age, so now is the time to start.Walking to classes, taking stairs instead of elevators and becoming involved in sports and other physical activities are just a few of the many ways to develop a more active lifestyle.The time you spend on physical activity each day will also give your mind a much needed break from its academic workout.And besides, exercise makes you feel wonderful, provided that you do not overdo it.So start slow, set goals for yourself, and get moving!■4 Vegetarianism is becoming increasingly popular among college students.It is estimated that 15% of the current college age population in America is vegetarian.There are several different types of vegetarian diets, and each is chosen for a variety of reasons.Some people consider themselves vegetarian simply because they do not eat red meat.As far as nutritional recommendations for vegetarian diets, protein, iron and calcium can become an issue for those who do not consume animal products.■5 A healthy outlook about your body and appearance and how it relates to food and physical activity is very important for young adults.Self -destructive behaviors, which lead to eating disorders, such as eating a diet with too little fat or calories or embarking on a severe regime of physical activity, can have very harmful consequences to the health of your body and mind.Keep your mind and body in shape.by treating them both with respect.A healthy self- image and realistic perception of yourself is one of the healthiest feats you can achieve.One of the healthiest feats you can achieve is ( ) and realistic perception of yourself.
A.once they are consumed
B.instead of red meat
C.a healthy self-image
D.eat less and exercise more
E.starvation diets
F.what we eat and drink

正確答案：C
3). Refusing to Give CPR：Should Policy Defeat Common Sense？■A recent news story generated passionate comments in the TV and internet about whether or not a nurse working in a non-nursing role had a duty to perform CPR(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)on a resident of an independent living facility who had collapsed while eating in the dining room.This nurse allegedly refused to perform CPR on the resident despite a 911 dispatcher′s pleas，citing“facility policy”that prohibited employees from providing assistance and directed staff to wait for emergency responders.The resident ultimately died.A facility spokesperson reportedly supported the employee′s actions and their“policy.”Later accounts revealed that the family of the resident，who was 87，stated she wouldn′t have wanted CPR.I hope that was indeed the case.■This situation brings to the forefront some very distressing social issues.Most worrisome are the arguments that followed in the media against intervening in an emergency.There were many reasons which included fears about lawyers，legal responsibilities，and confusion over Good Samaritan laws.In general，these arguments legitimatized the“facility policy”that kept the employee from helping the resident.I wonder if expectations would be any different if a“facility policy”advocator needed emergency care.■What happens to our humanity if we promote following a policy over saving a life？Apparently our risk-averse culture is enabling common sense and ethics to take a backseat to actions influenced by fears of real or imagined responsibility.■Plain and simple policies should not stand in the way of saving lives.To be clear，I′m not referring to situations that involve people with known advance directives or“do-not-resuscitate”orders or even scene or personal safety issues that would place a rescuer in harm′s way and potentially increase the number of victims.There are certainly legitimate reasons to stand back.But to make a conscious decision to watch someone die when basic interventions may help flies in the face of human decency and all we′ve been taught as nurses.It also undermines the very concept of the“Chain of Survival”advocated by the American Heart Association in support of performing CPR.■Medicine was founded on the principle of，“First，Do No Harm.”As we celebr：ate Nurses Week，my personal plea is that we act to assure that our society doesn′t decline to the principle of，“First，Do Nothing.”In order to save lives，all medical staff should perform CPR on any people in need at any time and any place.( )
A.Wrong
B.Right
C.Not Mentioned

正確答案：C

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