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2026年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語水平考試（METS二級(jí)）經(jīng)典試題及答案二
1). (共用選項(xiàng))1.Anemia is defined as a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.It may result from too few red blood cells，cells that are too small，or too，little hemoglobin in the cells.The general symptoms include fatigue，shortness of breath，heart palpita-tion and irritability.The most common type of anemia is iron-deficiency anemia caused by a lack of iron，which is required for hemoglobin production;2.It is a harmful overreaction by the im-mune system，commonly known as aller-gy.In this case，a person is more sensitive to a particular antigen than the average in-dividual.Common allergens are pollen，dust and foods，but there are many more.Responses may include itching，redness or tearing of the eyes， skin rash， asthma，sneezing，and urticaria(蕁麻疹).An ana-phylactic(過敏的) reaction is a severe gen-eralized allergic response that can lead rap-idly to death as a result of shock and inter-ference with breathing;3.Appendicitis occurs in all age groups，but is most common between the ages of 5and 30.Symptoms typically begin with discomfort in the naval area that shifts into a steady，sharp pain in the lower right ab-domen.A lower grade fever may be pres-ent along with nauseated vomiting and loss of appetite.An inflamed appendix is usual-ly surgically removed- delay in treatment may cause the appendix to rupture，resul-ting peritonitis (infection of the abdominal cavity);4.Muscle soreness is one of the common muscle disorders.It is often caused by hard muscular work.In severe cases，the soreness may last up to four days.The cause of muscle soreness is not completely understood，but it probably involves dam-age to muscle and connective tissue.With proper exercise，the muscles and body can adapt to strenuous muscle work and great-ly reduce the risk of tissue damage;5.Cramps occur when the normal opera-tion of muscles is disturbed.Skeletal mus-cle cramps involve sudden and violent spastic(痙攣的) muscle contractions.No one knows exactly why such cramps occur.Cramps probably result from having too much or too little salt in the fluids surround-ing muscle fibers.With proper rest and nutri-tion，the body can correct the problem，and cramping stops.Doctors use heat，massage and medicines in treating cramps;6.Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which occurs when the human body does not pro-duce or properly uses insulin，a hormone that is required to convert sugar，starches，and other food into energy.It s character-ized by constant high levels of blood glu-cose ( sugar).Human body has to maintain the blood glucose level at a very narrow range，which is done with insulin and glu-cagon(胰高血糖素)some proper exercises can reduce the risk of tissue damage.( )

正確答案：D
2). Protein in Mother’s Milk May Prevent HTV Transmission to Infants■Thousands of infants become infected with the AIDS virus every year.These boys and girls are born to mothers who have HIV，the human Immunodeficiency virus.Infection takes place during pregnancy or from breastfeeding.Recently，scientists identified a protein in breast milk that suppresses the virus，and may even protect babies from becoming infected.Now，experts say the discovery could lead to new ways to protect babies whose mothers are infected with HIV.To prevent infection，doctors give anti-retroviral drugs (抗逆轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥) to both mothers and their babies，that has greatly reduced the number of infections.But experts say that even without anti-AIDS drugs，only a small percentage of babies become infected through breast milk.■Sallie Permar is a professor of pediatrics (兒科) and immunology (免疫學(xué)) at Duke University in North Carolina.According to Permar，breastfeed babies appear to resist infection.“It is actually remarkable that despite the infant being exposed to the virus multiple times daily for up to two years of their life，actually only 10 percent of those babies will become infected，” said Permar.She led an effort to identify a substance in breast milk that may protect babies from infection.Her team directed its attention to a protein called Tenascin-C，also called TNC.It is known to be involved in the process of healing wounds.But what purpose it serves in breast milk is not known.The researchers exposed the TNC protein from breast milk of uninfected women to HIV，the protein linked up to the virus and made it harmless.Anti- retroviral drugs remain effective in limiting the passing of HIV from mother to baby.But professor Permar and her team suggest that TNCs could be used in places where costly drug treatments are often not available.TNCs could be given to babies before breastfeeding to provide additional protection against HIV.She adds that the protein is safe，because it is already in natural part of human milk.This may avoid the problem of HIV becoming resistant to anti-retroviral drugs.The effects of anti -retroviral drugs are obvious.( )
A.Right
B.Not Mentioned
C.Wrong

正確答案：A