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2026年全國醫(yī)學(xué)英語水平考試（METS二級）仿真試題及答案二
1). (共用選項)1.AIDS， acquired immune deficiency syndrome， is associated with the immune system deficits.AIDS is determined to be the end stage of chronic infection with HIV.HIV infected individuals and AIDS clients can transmit HIV to others within a few days after initial infection.Transmission of HIV has occurred through sexual intercourse with an HIV infected partner， exposure to HIV infected blood or body fluid， and prenatal transmission during pregnancy， at the time of delivery or through breastfeeding;2.Hepatitis is the widespread inflammation of liver cells.Vital hepatitis， the most prevalent type， results from an infection caused by one of five major categories of viruses： Hepatitis A virus (HAV)， Hepatitis B virus (HBV)， Hepatitis C (non-A， non- B) virus， Hepatitis D virus (HDV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV).Causes of hepatitis include viral infections，drugs， chemicals， toxins and so on.Viral inflammation of the liver is the most common form of hepatitis;3.Tiuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (結(jié)核分枝桿菌).Infection with these organisms occurs primarily through inhalation of droplets emitted by infected people during coughing， laughing， sneering and singing.The lungs are most commonly affected.The following factors affect the risk for infection： characteristics of the infection person， the amount of air contamination， the duration of exposure， and the susceptibility of the host;4.The oxygen and nutrients the brain needs to function are carried in blood Rabies is a .frequently fatal， acute viral infection which is transmitted to humans by infected animals via a bite or by the exposure of broken skin to an infected animal’s saliva.Rabies is transmitted by infected saliva that enters the body through a bite wound or other open wound.The virus travels from the wound along nerve pathways to the brain， where it causes inflammation that results in the symptoms of the disease.The incubation period ranges from 10 days to 7 years， with the average being 3 to 7 weeks;5.Severe acute respratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the SARS coronavirus.Initial symptoms are flu-like and may include fever，myalgia， lethargy symptoms， cough， sore throat and other nonspecific symptoms.The only symptom common to all patients appears to be a fever above 38℃.Shortness of breath may occur later.The patient has symptoms as with a cold in the first stage， but later on they resemble influenza.SARS may occasionally lead to pneumonia， either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia;6.Avia infuenza - known informally as avian fu or bird fu - refers to influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).It refers to an illness caused by any of many y different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host.All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species influenza A virus.There are many subtypes of avian influenza viruses， but only some strains of five subtypes have been known to infect humans： H5N1， H7N3， H7N7， H7N9 and H9N2It is transmitted by infected animals via a bite.( )

正確答案：D
2). Vital Signs■Vital signs are measured to find any changes in normal body function.They are also used to determine a patient’s response to treatment.Dangerous situation can be found from the vital signs.The vital signs reflect the activity of the respiratory and circulatory systems.They are indicators of the status of a person’s health.■An individual’s temperature，pulse and respirations (TPR) and blood pressure (BP)will vary within certain limits during a 24-hour period.Variations from the normal limits in the vital signs readings indicate a change in the health status of the person.You need to be aware that many factors affect vital signs.These include sleep，activity，eating，weather，noise，exercise，medications，fear，anxiety and illness..They may cause vital signs to change，sometimes beyond the normal range.■The vital signs are measured as a part of a regular physical examination.They are also measured when a person is admitted to a health care center.The nurse must know how to measure and record the various vital signs，interpret the data，communicate them to others and plan appropriate treatment.Hospitalized patients have vital signs measured several times a day.The doctor or nurse compares each measurement with the ones measured before.Unless otherwise ordered，vital signs should be taken with the patient in a comfortable lying or sitting position.The patient should be at rest when vital signs are measured.■Vital signs reflect even minor changes in a person’s condition.They must be ：measured accurately (精確地).Vital signs also need to be accurately reported and recorded.The accurate assessment of vital signs is an important and crucial part of nursing care.Any vital sign that is changed from a previous measurement must be reported immediately.Which of the following statements is true？( )
A.For a normal body，vital signs never change during the same day
B.Itis necessary to measure an inpatient’s vital signs several times a day
C.Vital signs are only measured when people are sick

正確答案：B